"Lei è come sua mamma."
Translation:She is like her mom.
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There's a rule that you don't put an article in front of singular family members (ex: mia madre, tuo padre, nostra sorella, etc.) but you add the article when there's an adjective/modification (la tua sorella piccola) and "mamma" and "papa" are considered endearing terms for parents, so they act grammatically as if they're modified by an adjective :)
I'm not sure what you mean here. "sua" is the possessive article here for "mamma". The feminine form "sua" is used because "mamma" is feminine. The gender form of "sua" in this sentence has no relation to "lei". Other than making little sense, "lui" could be substituted for "lei" and it would still use "sua".
Good question. My understanding of it is that if it's a 'term of endearment such as 'mamma,' 'papa,' etc. then use of the article is appropriate in contrast to padre/madre/fratello as you know. It may well be that along with being appropriate, it's also optional -- depending perhaps on context, regional usage, familial custom, etc. Here's where a native opinion would be helpful.
pete...you don't except from context since Lei can be both 'she' and "you-formal" . Sometimes you'd see "Sua" capitalized if it meant "Your", but not always. Not to complicate the issue, but it could also mean : "You are like her/his mother" since out of context the "la sua" could be either of those plus Your-formal again.