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Japanese Lesson 32: Verbs Part 4
WOW... where did the week go. ('-'*) ... I haven't posted a lesson this week I don't think... Well, no time like the present!
<h1>Vocabulary</h1>Touch: Sawaru: さわる： 触る
Hear： Kiku: きく： 聞く Alternate Kanji: 聴く
... I don't know why it has an alternate kanji TBH... I only really know 聞く
Listen: Kiku: きく： 聞く Alternate Kanji: 聴く
... and actually shouldn't one of those two be Kikoeru 聞こえる (intransitive)? ... either way this lesson won't accept it
Say: iu： いう： 言う
I was going to put the last 3 lessons together today... but while going through the lesson section I realized we have a new grammar point in this one! :D
<h1>Grammar</h1>So, our grammar point today is how to quote someone. ... that's the best way I can put it.
That is quoting as in "He said __" "She said _" "I said " "you said ___"
To do this we need the particle "to" と and the word "iu" 言う.
I'm sure everyone remembers と from earlier when we used it sort of like "and". Well, in this case it... doesn't really hold an English translation like it did last time... but paired with "iu" 「言う」 it becomes what we'll call a Quotation Particle.
I'm just give you this grammar point laid out like an equation. Sometimes when it comes to sentences it's a lot easier to explain that way.
So your quoting sentences are going to look like this:
(Person who said the quote) は (quote) と言う。
(person who said the quote) wa (quote) to iu.
It's pretty simple.
Pssttt it also works for thoughts too! Just replace "iu" 「言う」(say) with "omou" 「思う」(think)!
That's really it for that grammar point... kind of anticlimactic when you think about it.
<h1>Sentences</h1>He listens
Kare wa kikimasu.
かれ は ききます。
彼は聞きます。/ 彼は聴きます。
They listen.
Karera wa kikimasu.
かれら は ききます。
彼らは聞きます。/ 彼らは聴きます
She says.
Kanojo wa iimasu.
かのじょ は いいます。
彼女は言います。
She listens.
Kanojo wa kikimasu.
かのじょ は ききます。
彼女は聞きます/ 彼女は聴きます
He says.
Kare wa iimasu.
かれ は いいます。
彼は言います。
We listen.
Watashitachi wa kikimasu.
わたしたち は ききます。
私達は聞きます。/ 私達は聴きます。
I say yes.
Watashi wa hai to iimasu.
わたし は はい と いいます。
私ははいと言います。
They touch the bear.
Karera wa kuma o sawarimasu.
かれら は くま を さわります。
彼らは熊を触ります。
They touch the elephant.
Karera wa zou o sawarimasu.
かれら は ぞう を さわります。
彼らは象を触ります。
I hear them.
Watashi wa karera o kikimasu.
わたし は かれら を ききます。
私は彼らを聞きます。/ 私は彼らを聴きます
She hears us.
Kanojo wa watashitachi o kikimasu.
かのじょ は わたしたち を ききます。
彼女は私達を聞きます。/ 彼女は私達を聴きます。
She says no.
Kanojo wa iie to iimasu.
かのじょ は いいえ と いいます。
彼女はいいえと言います。
That's it for this lesson... before I go off into oblivion creating quotes much to long for this level of learning. Because then we'll be sticking sentences inside of sentences and with all this particle nonsense it could make your head spin.
And I'd like to save head spinning for the actual compound sentences section of the course. :3
But we have 2 more verb segments (which may add up to only one lesson), colors, and "interrogative sentences" to go before we hit that. So no worries.
9 Comments
Hear： Kiku: きく： 聞く Alternate Kanji: 聴く
... I don't know why it has an alternate kanji TBH... I only really know 聞くListen: Kiku: きく： 聞く Alternate Kanji: 聴く
Hopefully a native speaker can chime in but I looked this up when I first came across it and I don't think it's an alternate option thing. From what I could tell 「聞く」 is a generic to listen/hear but 「聴く」 has connotations of to listen intently, which would make them homophones I guess...
b ^_^ d
WOO HOO!! I was too lazy to look it up properly... Duolingo alternates between the two willy nilly and Rikaichan just gave me the same exact definition twice.
I'll keep that in mind... and actually get off my butt and look it up proper here in a little while.
Hi!, I have a question, I am learning Jpanese with kanji characters. Sawaru: さわる： 触る so here 触 means sawa? I mean are kanji's sound characters or are they specific like a word?
Often times Kanji will only make up part of a word and hiragana will form the rest.
In this case, yes, 触 ＝ Sawa.
る is left in Hiragana (because it's a verb) that way you can visually see the conjugations. Which it seems to me Chinese doesn't have conjugations...
> I mean are kanji's sound characters or are they specific like a word?
They are specific, like a word.
Kanji itself will change sound depending on the situation... which is why you'll often find onyomi and kunyomi listings on kanji learning programs and flashcards. ... one is for compound readings... the other is for stand alone... but before you ask, no I don't know which is which. I memorize stuff individually so don't actually know the onyomi kunyomi rules.
But here's an example of Kanji changing sounds.
食べる = Taberu = eat 食事 = Shokuji = Meal
They'll change sound but will usually retain a similar meaning.
He listens Kare wa kikimasu. かれ は ききます。 彼は聞きます。/ 彼は聴きます
And here are 聞聴 these same thing?
According to Duolingo 聞 and 聴 share the same meaning. According to Rikaichan... it too says they share the same meaning. According to jisho.org..... inconclusive...
I'd have to go with HappyEvilSlosh's explanation that 聞 means to listen and that 聴 has more the nuance of listening intently.
I'll just stick with 聞, I know how to write it and it's good enough for my needs.
Fun fact: 聴聞 together in that order is "Choumon" "Listening/Hearing" (noun) (suru verb)
listen←注意して、自分から積極的に聞く場合には 聴く を使います。
傾聴-けいちょう 耳を傾けて熱心に聴くこと せんせいの はなしを けいちょう する。
hear←普通に聞こえてくる音を聞くときは 聞く を使います。
授業を 聞く あまり熱心に聞いていない 聴く 集中して聴いている
＼＿( ･_･)ﾊｲ ｺｺﾃｽﾄﾆﾃﾞﾏｽﾖｰ (゜o゜)ぽかーん ←聞く φ(□。□-) ﾌﾑﾌﾑ← 聴く
また 聞く は一般的で、ほかに複合語にも使われます。 聞き惚れる 聞き耳を立てる 聞きかじる
