"Good morning, how are you?"
Translation:Bonan matenon, kiel vi fartas?
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Zamenhof took it from the German fahrt, which means "journey". It's cognate with the English "fare".
Of course, there is a natural language where "fart" means something else.
https://inktank.fi/10-english-words-mean-something-else-languages/
or maybe he took it from the nordic languares where it is spelled 'fart' without the 'h' and which is globally used nowadays in the runners community in name for a popular training method, 'fartlek'. fart = speed . btw in French and Spanish you say ''how are you going?'' for 'how are you?' as well, so it is not that far(t) fetched.
It's the present-tense conjugation of "farti", which is essentially the English "fare". "How are you faring?"
https://esperanto.stackexchange.com/questions/4771/difference-between-fari-and-farti
and if you're also not familiar (like me) with "fare" in this sentence, perhaps you heard it as "farewell" or "fare thee well", i just learned. in english, it means to proceed or get along.
it's also interesting to notice the similarities with "fari", in esperanto: https://esperanto.stackexchange.com/questions/4771/difference-between-fari-and-farti
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Also, if you've studied French, think of the verb Faire - it seems to correspond well with Fartas
Adverbs end in -e.
Adjectives end in -a.
Any noun/adjective (except for "la") that's in the accusative (direct object of a transitive verb) gets the -n suffix.
The greeting is "bonan matenon" because it's short for something like "I bid you a good morning" or "I hope you have a good morning" or something along those lines.