"Bonan vesperon!"
Translation:Good evening!
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it actually comes from latin, which was the main language of the church for a long time: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vesper#Latin
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Because that would make the evening the subject of the sentence, rather than the direct object. The full (implied) sentence being translated here is:
[I wish you] a good evening.
I
is the subject. You
is the indirect object (the recipient of the direct object). Which leaves a good evening
as the direct object.
Esperanto doesn't have an indefinite article, so the 'a' isn't translated. And since what's left is the direct object, it takes the accusative case, which means adding an '-n' to both the adjective and the noun. Hence, Bonan vesperon
.
I hope this helps.
They're cognates. In Mycenaean Greek the word started with a 'w' or 'wh' sound, so: ϝέσπερος, later ἕσπερος, ultimately from PIE wek(ʷ)speros. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wek(%CA%B7)speros
2073
I wouldn't say so: Afternoon begins, strictly speaking, after noon, or after lunch. Evening begins sometime around seven (depending on the country, or the season, or the local culture, could be sooner or later), or for practical purpose, after a standard day of work.
sfuspvwf npj