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- "Ĝemeloj havas la samajn gepa…
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Surrogacy and gamete donation complicates questions of parentage a lot, but arguably, even in that case, the mother is the egg donor, unless there's some kind of a contract with the woman who carries the child to term, as in the case of certain forms of IVF.
No, "melo" mean "badger". "ĝemelo" comes from the French, Spanish, and Portuguese words for twin, each of which in turn come from Latin "gemellus", the diminutive form of "geminus" https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ĝemelo I haven't seen "geĝemeloj" used much, but it does return some search results in Google
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... perhaps you might class it as an Indo-European language, even though it is a constructed language. I’m quite happy to be shot down in flames over this statement.
Your comment is interesting; Esperanto is not classified as an Indo-European but it is not because it's a constructed language. The vocabulary is obviously Indo-European; however the criterion that allows us to discriminate Esperanto from the IE languages is its morphology. IE languages are synthetic langages, and most of them are fusional, whereas Esperanto is an isolating language. I won't try to define it here because I'm not an expert and I'm not very comfortable with English but I highly encourage you to look it up! An easy example: in IE language (I believe) there is no direct connection between the first person and its derived forms (I -> my, me; ego -> meus, me; ich -> mein, mich; je -> mon, moi; etc). In Esperanto however, mia and min are directly derived from mi. Same goes with one -> first; unus -> primus; eins -> erst; un -> premier; etc but unu -> unua. So it's not directly because it's constructed that Esperanto is not classified as an IE language but because the way it is constructed radically differs from the way IE languages are constructed.
Yes. Other romance languages have similar terms (Italian: gemello, Portuguese: gêmeo) because the Latin word for twin is gemellus.
However, the Latin adjective for "paired" or "twin/twinned" is geminus. The noun twin is gemellus because in Latin, you can create nouns by adding the suffix -ellus.
So even if the word ĝemelo is a bit of a jump from the word gemini, it still has its roots from there; it just took a little journey to get here.