"I love everyone very much."
Translation:Herkesi çok seviyorum!
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Please explain to me, when is herkese and when is herkesi? I am really struggling :(
"Herkesi" is in the accusative case, and is used when "everyone" is the direct object (as in this sentence).
"Herkese" is in the dative case, and is used when "everyone" is the indirect object: when something is being said to everyone, given to everyone, done for everyone, etc. ("I'm buying coffee for everyone." -> "Ben herkese kahve alıyorum.")
So shouldn't herkes receive the action of sevmek? It's on the receiving part of the sentence so it should be in the dative case, right?
It's receiving the action as a direct object, though. Herkes is the thing you love, so it's the direct recipient of your action, and takes the accusative case.
The dative case would be for an indirect object: not the direct recipient of the action, but the person (or thing) for whom you perform the action.
For instance, if I buy coffee for everyone, buying is the action. The coffee is the direct object: it's the thing that I'm buying. Everyone is the indirect object: I'm not buying everyone (I'm buying coffee), but I'm buying FOR everyone. So in that case, "everyone" would get the dative case.
(I hope that makes sense. It's confusing.)
I can see herkesi is the accusative - but I would have expected 'herkes' to be considered indefinite, not definite. Well, I'm wrong.
I'd've expected the same, but my understanding is that "herkes" is always definite, because it's a defined set that includes everybody. (We view "everybody" as kind of nebulous in English, but Turkish doesn't seem to treat it that way.)
It won't make sense in English. We are never loving anybody or anything, we simply love them. "Love" is never used in continuous tense. On the other hand, in Turkish, this is how it's used. The difference between simple and continuous present in Turkish and English is not the same.