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Ukrainian likes to loose with word order, I'm sure for almost any Ukrainian sentence there's a myriad of ways to order it! It's one of the reasons why Ukrainian is such a beautiful language.
All Slavic languages have a loose word order, one of the few advantages of having the grammar cases :-)
No, in this case it's clear :)
"Вівторок був учора" -> Tuesday was yesterday (Tuesday is the subject)
"Вчора був вівторок" -> Yesterday [it] was Tuesday (Yesterday or "it" is the subject)
Given a very specific intonation and given a specific context, a pre-existing conversation, the second one could mean the first one, it would emphasize that Tuesday is still the subject, just shuffled around.
Edit: WAIT
In case of п'ятниця it's "Вчора була п'ятниця", so the verb corresponds to the day of the week, not "yesterday", so... Yesterday is not a subject.... But the two sentences still do sound different... But... * leaves tired and confused *
I'm assuming the verb is modified by the day of the week, and not the word for yesterday based on other examples. Is that correct?
