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"Ŝi demandas al mi, se mi havas panon" makes sense, doesn't it? "She asks me, if I have bread." I want to make sure I'm not missing something.
"Ĉu" is a standard word which corresponds to English whether/if. "Se" is used like a conditional "if".
Your sentence would mean "If I have bread, then she asks me." -- condition (if I have bread), result "she asks me".
Here's it's more of a relative thing, "whether", which translates as "ĉu". (Compare German, which would use "ob" here and cannot use "wenn".)
I think I finally have a way to remember this! (After several wrong attempts) The second part is the question that the "ŝi/she" asked. And many questions start with "ĉu". Thus the second part of the sentence needs it to represent a "kinda/past" question.
