"Mi rimarkis, ke la vetero subite fariĝis malvarma."
Translation:I noticed that the weather suddenly became cold.
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Esperanto tense being relative (see https://goo.gl/PZf9FY), I would expect 'farigxas' in a subordinate sentence like this. Or alternatively, given that it says farigxis, I would expect it to mean 'had become cold'.
As I understand it, the English sentence means that I noticed (in the past) that the weather was becoming cold (at that very same moment in the past). I would interpret the Esperanto sentence as meaning that I noticed (in the past) that the weather had become cold (at an earlier moment). But I'm not 100% sure about my interpretation of the English sentence, as I'm not a native speaker.
Native English Speaker here, New England version.
I'm with GastonDorron. [This is an edit -- coming back to this, I realized that GastonDorron is right.]
The English sentence happens in an indefinite time in the past, the narrative past. The action in that sentence -- noticing the cold -- happens in the narrative past's immediate present.
It's easier to understand with a little more context: "I was walking down the road. I noticed that the weather suddenly became cold." So as the narrator walks down the road, she notices the weather becoming cold; it's in her present.