"O kadınlar güzeller."
Translation:Those women are beautiful.
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how would you say 'the women are beautiful' ? Do you omit the 'O' before 'kadinlar' ?
No, that would have to be "Onlar güzel kadınlar" -- with the adjective in front of the noun (to make "beautiful women" instead of "(the) women are beautiful") and with "O" turned into "Onlar".
Because the singular "o" can modify a singular or plural noun (just like adjectives in front of a noun don't change for plural), but if it is a pronoun standing by itself, it is specifically singular and needs -lar to stand for a plural noun.
onlar is "they" when it stands alone.
o is "he, she, it" when it stands alone or "that, those" when before a noun.
So "that woman" = o kadın and "those women" = o kadınlar.
Much as "the beautiful woman" = güzel kadın and "the beautiful women" = güzel kadınlar and not "the beautifuls women" = güzeller kadınlar.
Mizinamo, i'm rather suffering! You write "o kadin" = "she is a woman" is two units = a pronoun and a verb. I understand that. Does-it mean "o" ="she" is the pronoun and "kadin" = "is a woman" is the verb-noun? I understand better after i write: "sen kadinis" = "you are a woman". May i say that "kadinis" is the verb-noun? In other comment above, you wrote: "onlar, güzel kadinlar" = "they are beautiful women" using a comma. Why not in "o, kadin"="she is a woman"? Will it be rigth, better, if i write: "0, kadin"? I understand all intuitively and, paradoxically i need very clear-complete explanations, when explanations. Thanks to you, trying do so.
"verb" was the wrong word; "predicate" would have been better.
A predicate can be a verb but in Turkish it can also be simply a noun or an adjective (which in English requires "to be" before it -- o güzel "she is beautiful", o kadın "she is a woman", o içiyor "she is drinking").
I understand better after i write: "sen kadinis" = "you are a woman". May i say that "kadinis" is the verb-noun?
It sould be sen kadınsın with the predicate being kadınsın.
Why not in "o, kadin"="she is a woman"?
I think that would also be possible, and probably clearer.
Will it be rigth, better, if i write: "0, kadin"?
No; it would have to be "O, kadın" with a capital letter o and not a digit zero.
Mizinamo, a question comes to my mind now after reading a turkish grammar lesson on website? They give this example: "yeni kitaplar pahali" = "the new books are expensive". Does it mean that the plural suffix "lar" is optional in that type of sentence? Because there is no possible confusion? So, that "O kadinlar güzel" would be rigth too?
Hi, Fatimah. "O kadınlar güzeller." Both the given sentence and the alternative you ask about represent simple linkings of the subject and predicate (very much related to the term copula ):
"[subject] is/are [X]," where X could be an adjective ("I am ready"), a noun ("Duo is an owl"), or a noun preceded by an adjective ("Duo is a green owl.")
In the given Turkish sentence, "O kadınlar" is the subject, and "güzeller" includes both the adjective "güzel" and the "to be suffix" "-ler": "Those women are beautiful." In the sentence you proposed, the subject is just "Those," and it is linked (by "are") to "beautiful women." Turkish could express the (plural) subject using "Onlar" or "Şunlar." (These pronouns can serve as "full-fledged" subjects, while the demonstrative adjectives "O" or "Şu" cannot.) If we take "Şunlar" as the subject, what is it linked to? A noun preceded by an adjective: "Şunlar güzel kadınlar." Farkı görüyor musunuz? Do you see the difference?
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If so, why do Tips & Notes give the following examples: "(Onlar) mutlular / mutludurlar"?
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chartsman, yes , i wrote in my notebook this Orde0's comment: the functions of -dir are as follows: giving any kind of information (formal) general facts that everyone knows. (formal, informal) supposition, guess (informal) . And you can read in the book "Turkish, a Comprehensive Grammar", pages 295 to 299, the different uses of the suffix "dir". The link : https://izabelaszmit.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/turkish-grammar.pdf Hope you can find it: very interesting.
There is the Ali Yilmaz'video (30mn) about this topic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NlkTs6otmM&t=853s.
<h1>LearnTurkish | The Suffix -DIr / -DIr Eki ( Bildirme Eki ). In English. Very clear.</h1>
Akbar, i think that to use "o"="those"= specific women" and "güzeldir" in the same time is antinomic. You can't speak about a group of woman as if you speak about all the women of the world. As in "kadınlar insandir"="the women are people" for example. Have a look to Ektoraskhan's explanations in Duolingo Turkish Grammar Portal here: https://forum.duolingo.com/comment/8649151
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Have you read Tips & Notes? They clearly state that adding -lar/-ler suffix to form plural verbs is only possible (not required though) for people and "baykuşlar" are animals.